Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry

CONTENTS
About the Editors
Contributors
Preface
Foreword: The Future of Psychiatry
1. NEURAL SCIENCES
1 The Neuroscience of Psychiatry
1.1 Functional Neuroanatomy
1.2 Neural Development and Neurogenesis
1.3 Biogenic Amine Neurotransmitters
1.4 Amino Acid Neurotransmitters
1.5 Neuropeptides: Biology, Regulation, and Role in Neuropsychiatric Disorders
1.6 Neurotrophic Factors
1.7 Novel Neurotransmitters
1.8 Intraneuronal Signaling
1.9 Cellular and Synaptic Basis of Neural Signaling
1.10 Genome, Transcriptome, and Proteome: The Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Underlying the Neurobiology of Mental Disorders
1.11 Psychoneuroendrocrinology
1.12 Immune System and Central Nervous System Interactions
1.13 Chronobiology
1.14 Applied Electrophsyiology
1.15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy: Basic Principles and Recent Findings in Neuropsychiatric Disorders
1.16 Radiotracer Imaging with Positron Emission Tomography and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography: Fundamental Principles, Methodology, and Role in Neuropsychiatric Research
1.17 Gene Mapping Investigations of Psychiatric Disorders
1.18 Animal Models in Psychiatry
1.19 Pain Systems: Interface with Affective and Motivational Mechanisms
1.20 Basic Science of Self
1.21 Basic Science of Sleep
1.22 Basic Science of Appetite
1.23 Neuroscience of Substance Use Disorders
1.24 Epigenetics in Psychiatry: The Promise for New Biomarkers and Treatments
1.25 Basic Systems Neuroscience
1.26 Learning Theory and Psychosis, Anxiety, and Addiction
1.27 Functional Brain Connectivity and Psychopathology
1.28 Computational Modeling Approaches in Psychiatry
1.29 Functional Genomics of Human Brain Development
2. NEUROPSYCHIATRY AND BEHAVIORAL NEUROLOGY
2.1 Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurology
2.2 Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Cerebrovascular Disorders
2.3 The Neuropsychiatry of Brain Tumors
2.4 Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Epilepsy
2.5 Neuropsychiatric Consequences of Traumatic Brain Injury
2.6 Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Movement Disorders
2.7 Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Multiple Sclerosis and Other Demyelinating Disorders
2.8 Neuropsychiatric Aspects of HIV Infection and AIDS
2.9 Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Other Infectious Diseases (Non-HIV)
2.10 Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Prion Disease
2.11 Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Headache
2.12 Psychiatric Aspects of Neuromuscular Disease
2.13 Psychiatric Aspects of Child Neurology
2.14 Neuropsychiatry of Neurometabolic and Neuroendocrine Disorders
3. CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES
3.1 Contributions of the Psychological Sciences: Sensation, Perception, and Cognition
3.2 Piaget and Cognitive Development: History, Theory, Extensions, and Modifications
3.3 Learning Theory
3.4 Biology of Memory
3.5 Consciousness and Dreaming from a Pathophysiological Perspective: The Thalamocortical Dysrhythmia Syndrome
3.6 Normality and Mental Health
4. CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
4.1 Evolutionary Foundations for Psychiatric Research and Practice
4.2 Neurocentricism: Implications for Addiction and the Courtroom
4.3 Transcultural Psychiatry
5. QUANTITATIVE AND EXPERIMENTAL METHODS IN PSYCHIATRY
5.1 Quantitative and Experimental Methods in Psychiatry: Epidemiology
5.2 Statistics and Experimental Design
6. THEORIES OF PERSONALITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
6.1 Classical Psychoanalysis
6.2 Erik H. Erikson
6.3 Other Psychodynamic Schools
6.4 Approaches Derived from Philosophy and Psychology
7. DIAGNOSIS AND PSYCHIATRY: EXAMINATION OF THE PSYCHIATRIC PATIENT
7.1 Psychiatric Interview, History, and Mental Status Examination of the Adult Patient
7.2 Outline for a Psychiatric Examination
7.3 Practice Guidelines in Psychiatry
7.4 Clinical Neuropsychology and Intellectual Assessment of Adults
7.5 Personality Assessment of Adults
7.7 Medical Assessment and Laboratory Testing in Psychiatry
7.7 Principles and Applications of Quantitative Electroencephalography in Psychiatry
7.8 Psychiatric Rating Scales
7.9 Electronic Media in Psychiatry
7.10 Cultural Competency in the Organization and Delivery of Care
7.11 Medical Error
8. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
9. CLASSIFICATION IN PSYCHIATRY
9.1 Present and Future of Classification Systems for Mental Disorders
9.2 The Classification of Mental Disorders in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11)
10. NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDERS
10.1 Cognitive Disorders: Introduction
10.2 Delirium
10.3 Dementia
10.4 Amnestic Disorders and Mild Cognitive Impairment
10.5 Other Cognitive and Mental Disorders Due to Another Medical Condition
11. SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS
11.1 Substance Use Disorders: Introduction
11.2 Alcohol-Related Disorders
11.3 Stimulant-Related Disorders
11.4 Caffeine-Related Disorders
11.5 Cannabis-Related Disorders
11.6 Hallucinogen-Related Disorders
11.7 Inhalant-Related Disorders
11.8 Tobacco-Related Disorders
11.9 Opioid-Related Disorders: from Neuroscience to Treatment
11.10 Sedative-, Hypnotic-, or Anxiolytic-Related Disorders
11.11 Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid-Related Disorders
12. SCHIZOPHRENIA AND OTHER PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS
12.1 Introduction and Overview
12.2 Phenomenology of Schizophrenia
12.3 Worldwide Burden of Schizophrenia
12.4 Genetics of Schizophrenia
12.5 The Clinical Epidemiology of Schizophrenia
12.6 Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology of Schizophrenia
12.7 Structural Brain Imaging in Schizophrenia
12.8 Functional Brain Imaging in Schizophrenia
12.9 Molecular Brain Imaging in Schizophrenia
12.10 Neurocognition in Schizophrenia
12.11 Phenotypes of Psychosis
12.12 Schizophrenia: Pharmacologic Treatment
12.13 Psychiatric Rehabilitation
12.14 Medical Health in Schizophrenia
12.15 Recovery in Schizophrenia
12.16 Psychosis as a Defining Demension in Schizophrenia
12.17 Other Psychotic Disorders
13. MOOD DISORDERS
13.1 Mood Disorders: Historical Introduction and Conceptual Overview
13.2 Mood Disorders: Epidemiology
13.3 Mood Disorders: Genetics
13.4 Mood Disorders: Clinical Features
13.5 Mood Disorders: Intrapsychic and Interpersonal Aspects
13.6 Mood Disorders: Suicidal Behavior
13.7 Mood Disorders: Pharmacologic Treatment of Depression and Bipolar Disorders
13.8 Mood Disorders: Psychotherapy
13.9 Mood Disorders: Neurobiology
14. ANXIETY DISORDERS
14.1 Anxiety Disorders: Introduction and Overview
14.2 Clinical Features of the Anxiety Disorders
14.3 Epidemiology of Anxiety Disorders
14.4 Genetics of Anxiety Disorders
14.5 Anxiety Disorders: Neurobiology and Neuroscience
14.6 Neuroimaging and the Neuroanatomical Circuits Implicated in Anxiety, Fear, and Stress-related Disorders
14.7 Anxiety Disorders: Behavioral Treatment
14.8 Somatic Therapies for Anxiety Disorders
15. OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE AND RELATED DISORDERS
16. PATHOLOGICAL AND PROBLEM GAMBLING (GAMBLING DISORDER)
17. POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER
18. SOMATIC SYMPTOM AND RELATED DISORDERS
19. FACTITIOUS DISORDER
20. DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS
21. NORMAL SEXUALITY AND SEXUAL DISORDERS
21.1 Normal Human Sexuality and Sexual Dysfunctions
21.2 Homosexuality, Gay and Lesbian Identities, and Homosexual Behavior
21.3 Paraphilic Disorders
21.4 Gender Identity, Gender Variance, and Gender Dysphoria
21.5 Sex Addiction
22. FEEDING AND EATING DISORDERS
23. SLEEP DISORDERS
24. IMPULSE-CONTROL DISORDERS
24.1 Intermittent Explosive Disorder
24.2 Pyromania
24.3 Kleptomania
25. ADJUSTMENT DISORDERS
26. PERSONALITY DISORDERS
27. PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE
27.1 History and Current Trends
27.2 Cardiovascular Disorders
27.3 Gastrointestinal Disorders
27.4 Psychosomatic Medicine: Obesity
27.5 Respiratory Disorders
27.6 Diabetes: Psychosocial Issues and Psychiatric Disorders
27.7 Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
27.8 Psycho-Oncology
27.9 End-of-Life and Palliative Care
27.10 Stress and Psychiatry
27.11 Psychiatric Morbidity Following Critical Illness
27.12 Psychocutaneous Disorders
27.13 Organ Transplantation
27.14 Psychiatric Care of the Burned Patient
27.15 Management of Chronic Pain
28. ADDITIONAL CONDITIONS THAT MAY BE A FOCUS OF CLINICAL ATTENTION
28.1 Malingering
28.2 Adult Antisocial Behavior, Criminality, and Violence
28.3 Borderline Intellectual Functioning and Academic or Educational Problem
29. CULTURE-BOUND SYNDROMES
29.1 Cultural Concepts of Distress
29.2 Cultural Assessments in Psychiatry
30. The Neuropsychiatry of Human Aggression
31. SPECIAL AREAS OF INTEREST
31.1 Psychiatry and Reproductive Medicine
31.2 Genetic Counseling for Psychiatric Conditions
31.3 Physical and Sexual Abuse of Adults
31.4 Complementary, Alternative and Integrative Approaches in Mental Health Care
31.5 Disaster Psychiatry: Disasters, Terrorism, and War
31.6 Psychiatry and Spirituality
31.7 Physician and Medical Student Mental Health
32. PSYCHIATRIC EMERGENCIES
32.1 Suicide
32.2 Suicide Treatment
32.3 Other Psychiatric Emergencies
33. PSYCHOTHERAPIES
33.1 Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy
33.2 Psychoanalytic Treatment of Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Trauma-Related Disorders
33.3 Behavior Therapy
33.4 Hypnosis
33.5 Group Psychotherapy
33.6 Family and Couples Therapy
33.7 Cognitive Therapy
33.8 Interpersonal Psychotherapy
33.9 Dialectical Behavior Therapy
33.10 Intensive Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapies
33.11 Other Methods of Psychotherapy
33.12 Narrative Psychiatry
33.13 Positive Psychology
33.14 Psychodrama
33.15 Evaluation of Psychotherapy
33.16 Psychotherapy of Psychoses
33.17 Hallucinogen-Assisted Psychotherapy
33.18 Mentalization-Based Therapy
34. BIOLOGICAL THERAPIES
34.1 General Principles of Psychopharmacology
34.2 Drug Development and Approval Process in the United States
34.3 Medication Induced Movement Disorders
34.4 α2-Adrenergic Receptor Agonists: Clonidine, Clonidine Extended Release, Guanfacine, and Guanfacine Extended Release
34.5 β-Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists
34.6 Anticholinergics and Amantadine
34.7 Anticonvulsants: Gabapentin, Topiramate, Tiagabine, Levetiracetam, Zonisamide, and Pregabalin
34.8 Antihistamines
34.9 Barbiturates and Similarly Acting Substances
34.10 Benzodiazepine Receptor Agonists and Antagonists
34.11 Bupropion
34.12 Buspirone
34.13 Calcium Channel Inhibitors
34.14 Carbamazepine
34.15 Cholinesterase Inhibitors and Memantine
34.16 Disulfiram and Acamprosate
34.17 First-Generation Antipsychotics
34.18 Lamotrigine
34.19 Lithium
34.20 Melatonin Receptor Agonists
34.21 Mirtazapine
34.22 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
34.23 Nefazodone
34.24 Opioid Maintenance Treatments: Methadone and Buprenorphine
34.25 Opioid Receptor Antagonists: Naltrexone and Nalmefene
34.26 Selective Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
34.27 Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
34.28 Second-Generation Antipsychotics
34.29 Central Nervous System (CNS) Sympathomimetic Compounds
34.30 Dopamine Receptor Agonists
34.31 Thyroid Hormones
34.32 Trazodone
34.33 Tricyclics and Tetracyclics
34.34 Valproate
34.35 Electroconvulsive Therapy
34.36 Brain Stimulation Methods
34.37 Neurosurgical Treatments
34.38 Combination Pharmacotherapy
34.39 Reproductive Hormonal Therapy: Theory and Practice
34.40 Treatment of Erectile Disorder
34.41 Vilazodone
35. CHILD PSYCHIATRY
35.1 Introduction and Overview
35.2 Normal Child Development
35.3 Adolescent Development
36. CHILD PSYCHIATRIC EXAMINATION
36.1 Psychiatric Examination of the Infant, Child, and Adolescent
36.2 Psychiatric Assessment of Preschool Children
36.3 Neuropsychologic and Cognitive Assessment of Children
36.4 Child Psychiatric Emergencies
37. GENETICS IN CHILD PSYCHIATRY
38. NEUROIMAGING IN PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS OF CHILDHOOD
39. TEMPERAMENT: RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS FOR CHILD PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
40. INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY
41. SPECIFIC LEARNING DISORDER
42. DEVELOPMENTAL COORDINATION DISORDER
43. COMMUNICATION DISORDERS
43.1 Language Disorder
43.2 Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder
43.3 Speech Sound Disorder
43.4 Stuttering
43.5 Unspecified Communication Disorder
44. AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER AND SOCIAL COMMUNICATION DISORDER
45. ATTENTION-DEFICIT DISORDERS
45.1 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
45.2 Adult Manifestations of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
46. DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR DISORDERS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
47. FEEDING AND EATING DISORDERS OF INFANCY AND EARLY CHILDHOOD
48. TIC DISORDERS
49. ELIMINATION DISORDERS
50. OTHER DISORDERS OF INFANCY, CHILDHOOD, AND ADOLESCENCE
50.1 Reactive Attachment Disorder and Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder
50.2 Stereotypic Movement Disorders in Children
51. MOOD DISORDERS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
51.1 Depressive Disorders and Suicide
51.2 Early-Onset Bipolar Disorder
52. ANXIETY DISORDERS IN CHILDREN
52.1 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Childhood
52.2 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Children and Adolescents
52.3 Separation Anxiety, Generalized Anxiety, and Social Anxiety
52.4 Selective Mutism
53. EARLY-ONSET PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS
54. CHILD PSYCHIATRY: PSYCHIATRIC TREATMENT
54.1 Individual Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
54.2 Brief Psychotherapies for Childhood and Adolescence
54.3 Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents
54.4 Group Psychotherapy
54.5 Family Therapy
54.6 Pediatric Psychopharmacology
54.7 Inpatient Psychiatric, Partial Hospital, and Residential Treatment for Children and Adolescents
54.8 Community-Based Treatment
54.9 The Treatment of Adolescents
55. CHILD PSYCHIATRY: SPECIAL AREAS OF INTEREST
55.1 Adopton and Foster Care
55.2 Child Maltreatment
55.3 Children's Reaction to Illness and Hospitalization
55.4 Psychiatric Sequelae of HIV and AIDS
55.5 Adolescent Substance Use Disorders
55.6 Forensic Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
55.7 Ethical Issues in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
55.8 School Consultation
55.9 Prevention of Psychiatric Disorders in Children and Adolescents
55.10 Child Mental Health Services Research
55.11 Impact of Terrorism on Children
55.12 Impact on Parents of Raising a Child with Psychiatric Illness and/or Developmental Disability
55.13 Pediatric Sleep Disorders
56. ADULTHOOD
57. GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY
57.1 Overview
57.1a Introduction to Geriatric Psychiatry
57.1b Epidemiology of Psychiatric Disorders
57.2 Assessment
57.2a Psychiatric Assessment of the Older Patient
57.2b Complementary, Alternative, and Integrative Medicine in Geriatric Psychiatry
57.2c The Aging Brain
57.2d Psychological Changes with Normal Aging
57.2e Neuropsychologic Evaluation
57.2f Neuroimaging
57.2g Genetics of Late-Life Neurodegenerative Disorders
57.3 Psychiatric Disorders of Late Life
57.3a Assessment of Functioning
57.3b Psychiatric Problems in the Medically Ill Geriatric Patient
57.3c Sleep-Wake Disorders in Older Adults
57.3d Anxiety Disorders
57.3e Geriatric Mood Disorders
57.3f Alzheimer's Disease and Other Neurocognitive Disorders
57.3g Psychiatric Disorders of Late Life: Delirium
57.3h Schizophrenia and Delusional Disorders
57.3i Personality Disorders
57.3j Alcohol and Substance Abuse in Older Adults
57.4 Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders
57.4a Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders: General Principles
57.4b Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers
57.4c Antianxiety Drugs
57.4d Antipsychotic Drugs
57.4e Antidementia Drugs
57.4f Electroconvulsive Therapy and Other Neurostimulation Treatments
57.4g Psychosocial Factors in Psychotherapy of the Elderly
57.4h Individual Psychotherapy
57.4i Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
57.4j Family Intervention and Therapy with Older Adults
57.4k Group Therapy
57.4l Counseling and Support Needs of Dementia Caregivers
57.5 Financial Issues in the Delivery of Geriatric Psychiatric Care
57.6 Special Areas of Interest
57.6a Psychiatric Aspects of Long-Term Care
57.6b Forensic Aspects
57.6c Ethical Issues
57.6d Gender Issues
57.6e The Legal and Ethical Analysis of Elder Abuse
57.6f Sexuality and Aging
57.6g HIV and Aging
57.6h Technology for Seniors
57.6i Positive Psychiatry of Aging
58. PUBLIC PSYCHIATRY
58.1 Public and Community Psychiatry
58.2 Reforming Health Care
58.3 The Role of the Hospital in the Care of Persons with Mental Illness
58.4 Mental Health Services Research
58.5 The Psychiatric Hospitalist
58.6 Psychiatric Rehabilitation
58.7 A Socio-Cultural Framework for Mental Health and Substance Abuse Service Disparities
58.8 Criminalization of Persons with Severe Mental Illness
59. PSYCHIATRIC EDUCATION
59.1 Graduate Psychiatric Education
59.2 Examining Psychiatrists and Other Mental Health Professionals
60. ETHICS AND FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY
60.1 Clinical-Legal Issues in Psychiatry
60.2 Ethics in Psychiatry
60.3 Correctional Psychiatry
60.4 Neuroimaging, Psychiatry, and the Law
61. HISTORY OF PSYCHIATRY
62. WORLD ASPECTS OF PSYCHIATRY
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APPENDICES
Appendix A: History of Psychiatry Table
Appendix B: Glossary

• New authors bring a fresh perspective to many topics, keeping you at the forefront of current developments in the field.
• Thoroughly updated coverage of neural sciences, with new sections on epigenetics, the microbiome, systems neuroscience, the Human Connectome Project, neurodevelopment, and many more.
• Extensively revised sections on schizophrenia, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, geriatric psychiatry and neurocognitive disorders.
• Uniquely comprehensive information of psychosomatic medicine, including chapters on obesity, chronic pain, and psychiatric sequella of critical illness.
• Timely information on public and global psychiatry, biological therapies, and psychotherapies.
• “Text within a text” coverage of child psychiatry includes thorough information on neuroimaging, assessment, genetics, sleep disorders, and the impact on parents of raising a psychiatrically disabled child.
• Abundant case histories add clarity and represent the vast clinical experiences and wisdom of hundreds of contributing authors.

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