Questions, Tricks, and Tips for the Echocardiography Boards

Contents
Contributors to the First Edition vi
Contributors x
Preface xi
SECTION I INTRODUCTION 1
Vincent L. Sorrell and Sasanka Jayasuriya
Tricks and Tips for Optimal Standardized
Test-Taking 1
Vincent L. Sorrell and Sasanka Jayasuriya
Statistics for the Echo Boards 7
Sasanka Jayasuriya
SECTION II PHYSICS 11
V edant A. Gupta and Vincent L. Sorrell
Basic Principles of 2D Ultrasound 11
Vedant A. Gupta and Vincent L. Sorrell
Basic Principles of Doppler Ultrasound 23
Vincent L. Sorrell
Instrumentation and Knobology 29
Vedant A. Gupta
Understanding Spatial and Temporal Resolution 39
Vedant A. Gupta and Vincent L. Sorrell
Microbubbles 45
Vincent L. Sorrell
Common and Uncommon 2D Artifacts 54
Vedant A. Gupta and Vincent L. Sorrell
Artifact with Doppler Echo 68
Vedant A. Gupta and Vincent L. Sorrell
10 Biologic Effects of Ultrasound 72
Vedant A. Gupta
SECTION III THE ECHO EXAMINATION 75
Vincent L. Sorrell and Sasanka Jayasuriya
11 Understanding the AUC Guidelines 75
Sasanka Jayasuriya
12 Common TTE Anatomy 85
Sasanka Jayasuriya
13 Normal TEE Anatomy 94
Vincent L. Sorrell
14 Abnormal TEE Anatomy 103
Sasanka Jayasuriya
15 Noncardiac Findings on Echocardiograms 106
16 Image Acquisition (from Here to There) 112
Vincent L. Sorrell
SECTION IV VAL VULAR HEART DISEASE 115
John R. Kotter
17 Aortic Stenosis 115
John R. Kotter
18 Aortic Regurgitation 128
John R. Kotter
19 Mitral Stenosis 137
John R. Kotter
20 Mitral Regurgitation 145
John R. Kotter
21 Tricuspid and Pulmonic Pathology 155
John R. Kotter
22 Normal and Abnormal Prosthetic
Valve Features 163
Vincent L. Sorrell
SECTION V VENTRICULAR
MEASUREMENTS 179
Vidya Nadig
23 2D Measures 179
Sasanka Jayasuriya
24 Doppler Measurements 188
Vidya Nadig
25 M-Mode Findings 202
Sasanka Jayasuriya
26 Diastolic Physiology 208
Vidya Nadig
27 Right V entricular Physiology 222
Vidya Nadig
SECTION VI CORONARY ARTERY
DISEASE 229
Vincent L. Sorrell
28 Acute Coronary Syndromes and Infarct
Complications 229
Vincent L. Sorrell
29 Echo Features of Chronic CAD 239
Vincent L. Sorrell
30 Stress Echocardiography 248SECTION VII CARDIOMYOPATHIES 259
Maya E. Guglin
31 Dilated Cardiomyopathy 259
Maya E. Guglin
32 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 268
Maya E. Guglin
3 Echo Features of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy 276
Vincent L. Sorrell
34 Echo Features of Other Cardiomyopathies 286
Maya E. Guglin
35 Normal and Abnormal Appearance of
Cardiac Devices 295
Maya E. Guglin
36 LV Dyssynchrony and Resynchronization
Therapy 302
Vincent L. Sorrell
SECTION VIII CONGENITAL HEART
DISEASES 309
Kristopher M. Cumbermack
37 Echo in Cardiac Shunt Lesions 309
Majd Makhoul
38 Congenital V alve Lesions 318
Kristopher M. Cumbermack
39 Arterial Anomalies 326
Majd Makhoul
40 Venous Malformations 335
Kristopher M. Cumbermack
41 Heart Diseases in Congenital Syndromes 341
Majd Makhoul
42 Fetal Echocardiography for the Boards 349
Kristopher M. Cumbermack
SECTION IX MASSES AND TUMORS 355
Mikel D. Smith
43 Pathologic Masses in the Atria 355
Mikel D. Smith
44 Masses and Tumors of the Ventricles 359
Vincent L. Sorrell
45 Pathologic Masses on the Valves 367
Mikel D. Smith
SECTION X PERICARDIUM 391
Steve Leung
47 Pericardial Effusions 396
Steve Leung
48 Pericardial Constraint 405
Vincent L. Sorrell
SECTION XI AORTA 423
Steve Leung
49 Echo of the Normal and Diseased Aorta 423
Steve Leung
50 Acute Aortic Syndromes 429
Steve Leung
SECTION XII THE GUIDELINES 439
Vincent L. Sorrell
51 59 Case Examples Using Recent Echo-Relevant
Guidelines and Consensus Documents 439
Vincent L. Sorrell
SECTION XIII NEWER APPLICA TIONS 471
Paul Anaya
52 3-Dimensional Echocardiography 471
Paul Anaya
53 Echo Strain for the Boards 486
Paul Anaya
54 Echocardiography during Interventional
Procedures 499
Paul Anaya
55 Intraoperative Echocardiography
for the Boards 515
Vincent L. Sorrell
56 Invasive Echo for the Boards 523
Vincent L. Sorrell
SECTION XIV MULTIMODAL CONCEPTS 531
Vincent L. Sorrell
57 Echo as It Relates to Multimodal Imaging 531
Vincent L. Sorrell
SECTION XV PRACTICE EXAM 545
Vincent L. Sorrell and Niti Aggarwal
58 Practice Exam 545
Vincent L. Sorrell and Niti Aggarwal

• Features 700+ questions and 350+ video clips with thorough explanations of both correct and incorrect answers, helping you place key concepts in the context of clinical practice.
• Includes a new chapter on how to accurately maneuver the transducer for particular views and make other adjustments, challenging you to go beyond mere book learning to a more complete understanding of optimal image acquisition.
• Incorporates questions related to new ASE guidelines, including new Class I and Class III indications.
• Provides test prep techniques as well as tips to save time, reduce anxiety, and optimize exam performance.
• Includes a practice exam that allows you to test your mastery of the content.
• Contains hundreds of images, figures, and tables that address key topics. 

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