Prior written consent is required if you wish to reproduce any of our material. Please be aware that there may be fees involved when material held under copyright is reproduced or translated.

• Permission is needed to publish any figure, abstract, portion of text or table that has been previously published.
• Before anyone can legally sell, publish, or distribute a copyrighted work, they must obtain the permission of the copyright owner regardless of the work's publication status. This rule also applies to authors using extracts, figures, or tables from their own work.
• It is the responsibility of an individual or organization to obtain written permission from the copyright holder prior to use in a new work.

We have partnered with the Copyright Clearance Center to meet your licensing needs. You can obtain permission to reuse our book content quickly and easily directly from the book’s webpage.

To obtain permission to reuse content from a Wolters Kluwer book using RightsLink^®:

1. Using the search box at the top of this page, search for the book that contains the material you want to use.
• If the book cannot be located, please submit your request via our online form: Wolters Kluwer Book Permissions Form.
2. Once you've located the book, click "Request Permission" on the right side of the page to be directed to RightsLink^® (turn off your pop-up blocker, if necessary).
3. Select the description of how you will be using the content from the "I would like to ..." drop-down menu.
4. Complete the additional questions.
• The information given in the initial request is what will be printed on the license when issued. We can neither provide an accurate quote, nor a valid license if the fields are not filled out accurately. Please be sure to fill in all relevant information completely and accurately.
5. Once all relevant data has been entered, you may be prompted with the "Quick Price" icon. If eligible for automatic pricing, you will be given a quote. Please click the continue button to proceed with the Quick Price quote.
6. If your request is ineligible for automatic pricing, you will receive a message indicating the order needs further review. Please click the Continue button to complete the required screens to submit the request for review.
7. Log in to your existing account or create an account to submit the request.
8. Once approval is granted, accept the terms and conditions of your permission grant. You will receive an e-mail providing you with an order confirmation and license details.

For questions about using the RightsLink^® service, please contact Customer Support via phone at (877) 622-5543 (toll free), or email customercare@copyright.com.

Authors who have published books with Wolters Kluwer should use RightsLink® to obtain permission to use content from their chapter/book.

Wolters Kluwer Health is committed to making our publications available to as many of our readers as possible.

Wolters Kluwer Health will provide an electronic file(s), or grant permission for the creation of an electronic format for limited use of our titles to educational institutions for use by their students if the use of traditional print books is not possible because of a visual impairment, physical disability, or a learning disability and these will usually be in pdf format. Please complete our online Wolters Kluwer Health Books Disability Request form.

Requests for these files must come from the institution's Assistive Services department or from someone on the staff who is responsible for the task.

Wolters Kluwer is a member of the International Association of STM publishers, a group of academic and professional publishers, societies and university presses who publish in the fields of science, technology, and medicine. This membership allows reuse of content published by other signatories, within certain parameters.

• STM is the International Association of Scientific, Technical & Medical Publishers. The STM Permissions Guidelines aim to facilitate the publishing process by reducing costs and delays commonly associated with obtaining permissions. These Guidelines set out general principles for the re-use of material between STM signatory publishers. However, adherence to these Guidelines by signatory publishers is entirely voluntary. Wolters Kluwer Health and is a signatory to the STM Permissions Guidelines.
• Before you license content from Wolters Kluwer Health for reuse in your new work, be sure to check the STM Website to see if the new publisher is also an STM signatory publisher. It is a good idea to keep this site bookmarked so you can easily reference the most current list of members.
• Please submit a request through RightsLink^® for official permissions.

Book Permissions: permissions@lww.com

Piracy: antipiracy@wolterskluwer.com

Translations: For additional information regarding translations for entire books, please visit translations.

For translations of chapters, figures, tables or excerpts, please use RightsLink^®.

Please add the original citation of the content and use this disclaimer when you translate the content:

"Wolters Kluwer Health and its affiliates take no responsibility for the accuracy of any translation from the published English original and are not liable for any errors which may occur."

Licensing: healthlicensing@wolterskluwer.com

Please note, the publisher does not always own reproduction rights to photographs or illustrations; rather, such rights may have been retained by the illustrator or photographer. It is vitally important to establish who the copyright owner is before submitting an article which includes photographs. Please use RightsLink^® if Wolters Kluwer Health or the Society is the copyright owner of the image or photograph.

For additional information, please visit Licensing.

For all additional inquiries, contact Customer Care: customercare@copyright.com.