NMS Surgery

Foreword vi
Preface vii
Contributors viii
Part I: Foundations
1 Principles of Surgical Physiology ...................... 1
Ace St. John, Matthew Lissauer and Helena Crowley
Fluid and Electrolytes 2
Acid–Base Disturbances 11
Coagulation 13
Packed Red Blood Cell Transfusion Therapy 16
Nutrition and the Surgical Patient 18
The Intensive Care Unit 24
Shock 30
2 Preoperative Considerations ........................ 34
Silke V. Niederhaus
General Principles for Evaluation and Management of the Surgical
Patient 35
Prevention of Cardiac Complications 38
Prevention of Perioperative Infection 41
Prevention of Bleeding Complications 43
Prevention of Thromboembolic Disease 44
Prevention of Pulmonary Complications 45
Prevention of Renal Complications 47
Prevention of Hepatic Complications 50
Contents3 Postoperative Considerations ....................... 53
Kerri Lopez and Kimberly Lumpkins
Drains and Tubes 54
Postoperative Complications 56
Review Questions for Part I 60
Answers and Explanations 67
Part II: Thoracic Disorders
4 Principles of Thoracic Surgery ....................... 73
Tara Talaie, Laura DiChiacchio and Whitney Burrows
General Principles of Thoracic Surgery 74
Chest Wall Disorders 80
Pleural and Pleural Space Disorders 81
Pulmonary Infections 82
Solitary Pulmonary Nodules (Coin Lesions) 83
Bronchogenic Carcinoma 83
Bronchial Adenomas 87
Metastatic Tumor 88
Tracheal Disorders 88
Mediastinal Lesions 89
5 Cardiac Disorders ................................. 91
Laura DiChiacchio, A. Claire Watkins and James S. Gammie
Anatomy and General Principles 92
Aortic Valve Stenosis 95
Aortic Insufficiency 96
Mitral Stenosis 97
Mitral Insufficiency 98
Tricuspid Stenosis and Insufficiency 100
Pulmonic Valve Disease 101
Coronary Artery Disease 102
Cardiac Tumors 104
Pericardial Disorders 105
Patent Ductus Arteriosus 106
Atrial Septal Defects 106
Ventricular Septal Defects 108
Tetralogy of Fallot 109
Transposition of the Great Arteries 111Review Questions for Part II 112
Answers and Explanations 118
Part III: Vascular Disorders
6 Arterial Disease .................................. 123
Alison O. Flentje and Khanjan H. Nagarsheth
Limb Ischemia 124
Extracranial Cerebrovascular Disease 129
Aortic Dissection 130
Aneurysms 132
Mesenteric Ischemia 136
Renal Artery Stenosis 138
7 Venous and Lymphatic Disease ..................... 140
Brittany Aicher, R. Gregory Conway and Rajabrata Sarkar
Anatomy and General Principles 140
Acute Deep Venous Thrombosis 141
Pulmonary Embolism 145
Chronic Venous Disorders: Varicose Veins and Chronic Venous
Insufficiency 148
Superficial Venous Thrombophlebitis 150
Lymphedema 151
Review Questions for Part III 153
Answers and Explanations 158
Part IV: Gastrointestinal Disorders
8 Esophageal Disorders ............................. 163
Jonathan P. Pearl
Anatomy and Physiology 164
Esophageal Motility Disorders 166
Esophageal Strictures 170
Esophageal Tumors 171
Esophageal Perforation 173
Mallory–Weiss Syndrome 1749 Stomach and Duodenal Disorders ................... 175
Natalie A. O’Neill and Cherif Boutros
Stomach 176
Benign Stomach Disease 180
Gastric Cancer 186
Postgastrectomy Syndromes 191
10 Liver, Gallbladder, and Biliary Tree Disorders .......... 193
Arielle Cimeno and John C. LaMattina
General Principles 194
Hemangioma 197
Hepatic Adenoma 198
Focal Nodular Hyperplasia 198
Hepatocellular Carcinoma 198
Cholangiocarcinoma 199
Metastatic Malignant Tumors 200
Pyogenic Liver Abscess 200
Amebic Liver Abscess 201
Hydatid Cysts 201
Portal Hypertension 202
Cholelithiasis (Gallstones) 204
Gallbladder Carcinoma 205
Choledocholithiasis 205
Cholangitis 206
Biliary Dyskinesia 206
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis 207
Primary Biliary Cholangitis 207
Choledochal Cysts 207
11 Pancreatic Disease ............................... 209
Richelle Williams, Peter Darwin and H. Richard Alexander
Anatomy and Physiology 210
Acute Pancreatitis 212
Relapsing Pancreatitis 216
Chronic Pancreatitis 217
Pseudocyst 218
Pancreatic Malignancies 22012 Spleen Disorders ................................. 225
Shannon M. Larabee, Ajay Jain and Stephen M. Kavic
General Principles 225
Pathology 228
Splenectomy 232
13 Small Intestine Disorders .......................... 234
Olivia A. Martin and Douglas Turner
Anatomy and Physiology 235
Small Bowel Obstruction 238
Tumors 240
Crohn Disease 242
Diverticular Disease 243
Short Gut Syndrome 244
14 Colon, Rectal, and Anal Disorders ................... 245
Jessica Felton, Ilaria Caturegli, Bryce Haac, Christine Schad
and Andrea Bafford
Anatomy and Physiology 246
Patient Evaluation 250
Bowel Preparation 252
Benign and Malignant Colorectal Tumors 252
Diverticular Disease 259
Angiodysplasia 262
Inflammatory Bowel Disease 263
Anorectal Dysfunction 271
Obstructed Defecation (Pelvic Floor–Outlet Obstruction) 272
Benign Anorectal Disease 273
Perianal and Anal Canal Neoplasms 278
15 Hernia Disorders ................................. 281
Hossam Abdou, Ifeanyi Chinedozi and Stephen M. Kavic
General Principles 282
Inguinal Hernia 283
Ventral Hernia 286
Femoral Hernia 287
Obturator Hernia 287
Lumbar Hernia 288
Parastomal Hernia 288
Spigelian Hernia 289Review Questions for Part IV 291
Answers and Explanations 308
Part V: Breast and Endocrine Disorders
16 Breast Disorders ................................. 319
Christina Paluskievicz, Steven Feigenberg and Emily Bellavance
General Principles 320
Breast Evaluation 320
Benign Breast Disease 324
Malignant Diseases 327
17 Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Adrenal Gland Disorders ..... 335
Shannon M. Larabee and John A. Olson, Jr
Thyroid Gland 336
Thyroid Dysfunction Requiring Surgery 341
Parathyroid Glands 352
Adrenal Gland 358
Tumors of the Endocrine Pancreas 367
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia 370
Review Questions for Part V 373
Answers and Explanations 377
Part VI: Special Subjects
18 Acute Abdominal Surgical Emergencies .............. 381
Megan Birkhold, Laura S. Buchanan and Jose J. Diaz
Acute Abdomen 382
Obstruction 389
Hemorrhage 392
19 Trauma and Burns ................................ 395
Amanda M. Chipman, Brandon Bruns and Thomas Scalea
Trauma 396
Specific Injuries 402
Burn Injury 40820 Pediatric Surgery ................................. 411
Chris T. Laird, Clint D. Cappiello and Eric D. Strauch
General Principles 412
Congenital Pulmonary Malformations (CPAM) 412
Esophageal Atresia (EA) and Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF) 413
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) 415
Congenital Abdominal Wall Defects 416
Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis 419
Biliary Atresia 419
Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) 420
Intestinal Malrotation With or Without Midgut Volvulus 423
Intestinal Atresia 425
Hirschsprung Disease 426
Anorectal Malformation 428
Solid Tumors 429
21 Surgical Oncology ................................ 430
Marco Dal Molin, Julia Terhune and Suliat Nurudeen
Cancer 431
Cancer Etiology and Epidemiology 431
Screening and Diagnosis 434
Di a g n os t ic P r o ce d ur es 436
Staging 437
Surgical Treatment 437
Multidisciplinary Treatment 440
Research and Training 442
22 Organ Transplantation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444
Tara Talaie, Joseph R. Scalea, Max Seaton, Silke Niederhaus
and Jonathan Bromberg
General Principles 445
Heart Transplantation 453
Pulmonary Transplantation 454
Hepatic Transplantation 455
Kidney Transplantation 458
Pancreatic Transplantation 461
Small Bowel and Multivisceral Transplantation 463
Composite Tissue Allograft and Vascularized Composite Allograft
Transplants 46423 Minimally Invasive Surgery and Robotics ............. 466
Hossam Abdou, Natalia S. Kubicki, Hugo Bonatti and
Stephen M. Kavic
General Principles 466
Selected Laparoscopic Procedures 470
Robotic Technology 476
24 Bariatric Surgery ................................. 479
Nicole Shockcor and Mark D. Kligman
General Principles 480
Surgical Treatment of Obesity 481
25 Head and Neck Surgery ........................... 488
Jeffrey S. Wolf
Anatomy 488
Disease Processes 491
Head and Neck Cancer 501
Benign Parotid Neoplasms 513
Review Questions for Part VI 515
Answers and Explanations 527
Part VII: Surgical Subspecialties
26 Neurosurgery .................................... 535
Kenneth M. Crandall and Charles A. Sansur
General Principles 536
Evaluating the Neurosurgical Patient 540
Head Injury 541
Spinal Cord Injury 545
Neurovascular Disease 547
Central Nervous System Tumors 549
Functional Neurosurgery 555
Degenerative Spine Disease 556
Tumors of the Spine 559
Spinal Deformity 561
Peripheral Nerves 56127 Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery ................. 564
Ledibabari M. Ngaage and Yvonne M. Rasko
General Principles 565
Reconstructive Plastic Surgery 565
Skin and Soft Tissue Reconstruction 570
Craniofacial Surgery 582
Hand Surgery 584
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery 587
Innovation in Plastic Surgery 590
28 Urologic Surgery ................................. 591
Megan Lerner, Meagan Dunne, Jessica Felton and
Andrew Kramer
Urologic Emergencies 592
Urinary Tract Stones 594
Benign Prostatic Disorders 596
Genitourinary Malignancies 600
Erectile Dysfunction 608
Voiding Dysfunction 609
29 Orthopedic Surgery ............................... 613
Alexander J. Kish and R. Frank Henn III
Orthopedic General Principles 614
Orthopedic Emergencies 615
Orthopedic Urgencies 618
Arthritis 630
Infections 631
Tumors 633
Adult Orthopedics 636
Review Questions for Part VII 641
Answers and Explanations 649
Index 655